Autumn Garden Tasks: What to Do in Your UK Garden

Autumn in the UK is one of the most satisfying seasons in the garden. The pace of harvest slows, the light turns golden, and there’s a genuine urgency to get things in order before winter sets in. Do these jobs well and your garden will sail through the cold months — and burst into spring in far better shape than one left to its own devices.

Autumn Tasks:: What You’ll Need

Before you start, gather these essentials:

Tulip bulbs — Premium tulip bulbs for autumn planting
Garlic bulbs — Hardneck and softneck garlic for autumn planting
Garden fork — For digging, lifting bulbs and turning compost
Leaf bags — Heavy-duty bags for collecting autumn leaves
Gardening gloves — Protect your hands during autumn tidy-ups

Clearing Spent Crops

Start by clearing out the vegetable garden. Remove any dead or finished crops — tomatoes, beans, courgettes, and peas are all wrapping up by early autumn. Compost healthy plant material (but not anything showing signs of blight, clubroot, or other disease — bin or burn those). As beds clear, consider sowing a green manure on empty ground to protect and feed the soil through winter.

Planting Garlic and Tulips

Autumn is the ideal time to plant garlic. In the UK, autumn-planted garlic benefits from a cold period that triggers bulbing — spring planting doesn’t give them enough time. Split bulbs into individual cloves and plant each one about 5cm deep, pointy end up, spaced 15cm apart in well-drained soil.

Tulip bulbs should also go in now. November is ideal — plant them too early and they’re more susceptible to tulip fire (a fungal disease). Plant bulbs 10-15cm deep in pots or borders in a sunny spot. Darwin hybrids and species tulips are particularly reliable for UK gardens.

Composting Fallen Leaves

Autumn leaves are garden gold. Leaf mould — decomposed leaves — is one of the best soil amendments you can give your garden, improving moisture retention and structure without adding nutrients. Collect fallen leaves with a rake and stuff them into black bin bags. Poke a few holes in the bags, moisten if very dry, and leave in a corner of the garden for a year.

Don’t put large quantities of oak or walnut leaves in your main compost bin — they break down slowly and can inhibit germination. Better to make leaf mould separately or add them in moderation.

Preparing Soil for Winter

Autumn is the perfect time to dig. Turn over beds once crops come out and let frost and weather break down the clods — this improves soil structure significantly. Add compost, well-rotted manure, or leaf mould as you dig. By spring, the soil will be in excellent condition.

Raised beds can be topped up with fresh compost now — levels drop as earthworms do their work, and topping up in autumn means beds are ready to go in spring. Cover bare soil with cardboard or a thick mulch to suppress weeds and protect soil structure from heavy rain.

Lawn Care

Give your lawn some autumn attention and it’ll thank you in spring. Rake out thatch and moss with a wire rake — hard work but makes a huge difference. Aerate compacted areas with a garden fork, pushing it into the soil every 10-15cm.

Feed with an autumn lawn feed (high potassium, low nitrogen) to help grass toughen up for winter. Overseed any thin patches with fresh grass seed. Avoid mowing too closely from now on — raise the blade to around 5cm and mow less frequently.

Other Essential Autumn Jobs

Protect tender plants: Move citrus, pelargoniums, and other frost-tender plants under cover before the first frosts
Clean and store tools: Scrub secateurs, sharpen blades, oil hinges, and seal wooden handles with linseed oil
Collect seeds: Dry seed heads from flowers and vegetables and store in labelled paper envelopes in a cool, dry place
Drain hoses and irrigation: Frozen water can split pipes and fittings — drain everything before hard frosts arrive
Plant spring bedding: Wallflowers, primroses, and forget-me-nots can all go in now for a glorious spring display

Autumn is the most rewarding time to be in the garden — cool air, gorgeous light, and the satisfaction of getting ahead for the year to come. Get these essentials done and your garden will be in excellent shape when spring arrives.