Cynara scolymus · Perennial
Slugs and snails: Use physical barriers like copper tape or beer traps, and hand-pick at night.
Blackfly (black aphid): Spray off with a strong jet of water or apply insecticidal soap for heavy infestations.
Root rot: Ensure well-drained soil and avoid overwatering; remove affected plants immediately.
Winter freeze damage: Apply a thick dry mulch of straw or bark around the base in late autumn.